1. admit#

vt. & vi. 承认；vt. 准许进入(或加入) → n. admission 承认；允许进入(加入)；录取 → n. admission 进入权；入场权 → adv. admittedly 诚然；确实地；不可否认地

vt. 容许…进入；vt. 准许…加入(俱乐部，组织)；接收入学/入院

只有持票者才可进入体育场。 (1) Only ticket-holders will be admitted to the stadium. (2) I shall be very likely to be admitted to my dream university.

被收治入院 (3) You think you’ll be admitted to Peking University? I think you should admit you are wrong.

vt & vi 承认；承认(做)某事 (4) We should have the courage to admit our mistakes. (5) I had to admit to being nervous about the test.

vt & vi 供认 (6) He refused to admit to the other charges. 他拒绝供认其他指控。 (7) She admitted stealing the car. 她承认自己偷了车。

普遍认为 (8) It is generally admitted that physical exercise in childhood can be beneficial to people.

2. occur#

vi. 发生；出现 (p.t./p.p. occurred) → n. occurrence 发生；出现；事件 (1) When exactly did the incident occur? (2) Cultural differences occur wherever you go. (出现；存在)

(主意或想法) 被想到

被某人想到 occur to sb 某人想到做某事 occur to sb to do sth （或 it occurs to sb to do sth） 某人突然想起…… it occurs to sb that… （或 sth occurs to sb） (3) It never occurred to him that he might be taken in. (4) Not once did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top player in his team.

辨析 occur, happen, take place

• 相同点： ① 发生 ② 多指偶然发生 / 无计划
• 不同点：
  • occur：occur to 想起
  • happen：happen to 碰巧。Maybe something unexpected happened.
  • take place：按计划进行

3. seek#

p.t./p.p. sought → -ing seeking

寻找；追求 seek for / seek after 找出某人/某物 seek out sb / seek out sth 试图做某事 seek to do sth

(1) On the weekend, parents always take their children to the nearby countryside to seek nature. （在大自然中寻求舒适，安逸） (2) The police sought the suspect before he could sneak away. （搜寻） (3) I sought to provide a valuable contribution to the field of history, but in vain. （试图）

被大众追求的；难求的 sought-after 捉迷藏 hide-and-seek 闯荡；闯天下 seek one’s fortune (4) By the mid-1920s, she had become one of Broadway’s most sought-after actresses. (被大众追求的；难求的) (5) I was the one in seeking that you never came looking for and I hid for hours from no one… (捉迷藏) (6) He finally made up his mind to seek his fortune overseas. (闯荡；闯天下)

4. earn#

vt. & vi. 挣得；赚得；赢得；博得 → n. (pl.) earnings 收入；收益

赚钱/取得成功/挣得一个好名声 earn money / achieve success / earn a good name 谋生 earn a living / make a living 使某人赢得/获得… earn sb sth 来之不易的 hard-earned (1) Ordinary people tend to spend their whole life to earn a living. (赚钱/取得成功/挣得一个好名声) (2) Playing piano in the jazz bar is his way to earn money. (谋生) (3) Practice meditation regularly earns me the inner peace I’ve been longing for. (获得内心的平静) (4) Your reputation is hard-earned. Don’t do something stupid to jeopardize it. (5) I used up all my earnings to purchase a 3-storeyed house with a tiny garden.

5. select#

vt. (经过认真思考而) 挑选；精选

select sb / sth as sth （被动形式） be selected as select sb / sth from sth （被动形式） be selected from select sb / sth to do （被动形式） be selected to do vt. 选择；挑选；选拔 → n. selection 选择性的；有选择的；择优的 → n. select 挑选；选择；选拔 (1) He selected a mobile phone for personal use. (2) He had hopes of being selected for the national team. (3) Mr. Clark was selected as the Best Teacher of the Year. (4) He’s the only student in the class that has been selected to take part in the Model United Nations conference.

7. bring about#

抚养长大 bring up 提出 bring up 使…显现 / 使出版 bring out 赚得 / 引进；引入 bring in 减少；降低；推翻 bring down (1) What do you suppose brings about the diversity of the Chinatown? (2) I was brought up by my grandparents in the downtown area. (3) I had to seek a chance to bring up this matter during the meeting. (4) Hardships can bring out your super power. (5) The author claimed that he brought out 2 books last year. (6) This job brings in 5000 yuan a month, which means I can earn 60000 per year. (7) We were able to bring in advanced technology from another company. (8) I’ll bring down the price a little before I buy the suit.

7. claim#

v. 声称做/做过某事 claim to do / claim to have done

声称/断言 claim 按保险索赔 claim on the insurance / claim for compensation (1) 有些科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大的突破。 Some scientists are claiming to have made a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. (2) Don’t claim to know what you don’t know. (3) 他不敢自称专家，一直谦虚地微笑着。 He doesn’t claim to be an expert, smiling modestly all the time. (4) Some students claimed to have seen a building under construction is a new library with modern equipment. (5) 如果你度假时出了车祸，可按保险索赔。 If you had a car accident on your holiday, you could claim on the insurance. (6) A lot of lost property is unclaimed. 许多失物从未被认领。 (7) 在过去的100年间，地震夺去了超过一百六十万人的生命。 Earthquakes have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.

n. 提出要求 make a claim

(对事物的) 权利；所有权 claim to (8) 他说他清白，谁也不相信。 Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent. (9) Although the clerk explained that the loss of their houses was due to the occurrence of the earthquake, the residents still claimed compensation for the loss. 提出损害赔偿要求 (10) The construction workers are on strike to claim higher wages. 提出加薪要求 (11) 他的金融公司的所有权是无效的。 His claim to ownership of the finance company is invalid.

8. apart from#

(1) Apart from English, Maria speaks four other languages fluently. (2) Apart from the fact that it was raining and they had to bring out the folded chairs, the picnic was a success. (3) I’ve finished everything apart from the last question. (4) Apart from the spelling mistakes, your essay is well put.

9. escape#

v. 从…逃走 escape from

逃避做某事 escape doing sth sth escape sb （某人没注意到某事） (1) The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way. (2) The thief tiptoed into the house, escaping the notice of the house owner. 逃过屋主的注意 (3) You are lucky to escape being injured. (4) He escaped being killed. 他险些丧命。 (5) She looks familiar, but her name escapes me. (= I can’t remember her name) (6) A small hole allowed smoke to escape to the top.

n. 逃跑 escape

九死一生 a narrow escape 消防通道 escape route (7) For her, travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life. 逃避… (8) He had a narrow escape. 死里逃生/九死一生 (9) Can you smell an escape of gas? (10) Every building should have an escape route. 消防通道

10. 分数的用法#

①分子在前，分母在后；②分母在前，分子在后

• 三分之一：(\frac{1}{3}) 百分之一：(\frac{1}{100})
• 三分之二：(\frac{2}{3}) 四分之一：(\frac{1}{4})
• 十分之一：(\frac{1}{10}) 四分之三：(\frac{3}{4})
• 1小时15分钟：one hour and fifteen minutes

分数+名词作主语的主谓一致 (1) 氧气只占空气的五分之一。 Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen. (2) 大约三分之二的学生都将参加会议。 About two thirds of the students are going to attend the meeting.

11. settle#

vt.&vi. 定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷) → n. settlement 定居;解决;协议;和解 → a. settled 不大可能改变的;固定的;定居者 vi. & vi. 坐下；(使)处于舒适的位置 (1) They sat at a comfortable cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table. (2) She settled into her chair and started to read. (3) She settled down in Vienna after her father’s death. (4) This region was settled by the Dutch in the 19th century. (5) You are expected to have the ability to settle an argument / a dispute/ a problem. 解决争论/纠纷/问题 (6) It was settled that they would get married in June.

短语拓展：

安顿下来；适应（新工作） settle down (使) 安顿下来；定居 settle down 专心致力于（做）某事 settle down to (doing) sth (1) It always takes the class a while to settle down at the start of the lesson. (2) A butterfly settled on a red flower. (3) Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. (4) The house had been empty for years, and dust had settled on all the furniture.

12. contain#

vt. 包含;含有;容纳 → n. container 容器 (1) This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.

• 区别： contain 包含全部内容； include 包含部分内容
• The container contains many kinds of fruits, including apples. (2) The mobile cabin hospitals can contain thousands of beds to treat infected patients. (3) Hearing the news, he couldn’t contain himself and burst into laughter.

13. 不定代词、数词、介词短语 + which/whom (复习)#

(1) 工厂有二百个工人，其中女性占三分之二。 There are 200 workers in the factory, two-thirds of whom are women. (2) 能与之交朋友的人应该是正派的。 Persons with whom you can make friends should be decent. (3) 他找不到任何可以过夜的旅馆。 He could not find any hotel to stay at for the night. He could not find any hotel at which he could stay for the night.

14. 独立主格复习#

[!WARNING] 注意：以下为独立主格结构选择题，已勾选正确选项并批注错误原因。

(1) All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered

勾选：A 批注： 此处All things与consider是被动关系（事情被考虑），因此使用过去分词considered。B项被动形式错误，C项是主动，D项是完成被动不必要。

(2) All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled

勾选：D 批注： 独立主格结构不能是谓语动词形式，排除A、B、C。“所有航班被取消”发生在“乘客只能乘火车”之前，表被动与完成，因此用having been canceled。

(3) So many directors being absent, the board meeting had to be put off. A. were absent B. being absent C. had been absent D. being absent

勾选：B 批注： 独立主格不是完整句子，排除A、C。being absent表示“缺席”的状态，表原因。

(4) All the tasks fulfilled ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week. A. been fulfilled B. having been fulfilled C. were fulfilled D. had been fulfilled

勾选：C 批注： 独立主格结构不需要谓语动词，排除D。A项缺少having，结构不完整；此处tasks与fulfill是被动关系，fulfilled本身就是过去分词，可直接使用。

(5) The speech having been delivered, a lively discussion started. A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered

勾选：D 批注： the speech与deliver是被动关系，且“演讲被发表”发生在“讨论开始”之前，所以使用被动完成式having been delivered。

(6) Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper to follow it closely. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. being following

勾选：C 批注： 此处copper与follow是主动关系，且表示“接下来、紧随其后”，用不定式to follow表示将来的动作。

(7) The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience seated on benches, chairs or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated

勾选：C 批注： with + 宾语 + 宾补结构。audience与seat是被动关系（观众被安排就座），因此使用过去分词seated。

(8) Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered

勾选：A 批注： 此处it指代河流，河流与suffer是主动关系（河流遭受污染），且“已经遭受”发生在谓语动词之前，故用完成时Having suffered。

(9) The fish tasted bad, the children left much of it. A. tasted, untouched B. tasting, untouched C. tasting, untouching D. tasted, untouching

勾选：B 批注： 前半部分是独立主格，the fish与taste是主动关系（鱼尝起来），用tasting；后半部分“鱼没被动过”，it与touch是被动关系，用untouched。

(10) Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. A. Judged B. Judging C. When you judged D. Because you judge

勾选：B 批注： judging from是固定用法（“从…来判断”），作独立成分，不受主语限制。此处无需考虑被动。

(11) Everything taken into consideration, they ought to have another chance. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking

勾选：B 批注： 独立主格结构，Everything与take是被动关系（一切被考虑），因此使用过去分词taken。C表将来，A/D表主动，均不符合被动语境。